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How does the table’s surface temperature behave in direct sunlight?
When a table is placed in direct sunlight, its surface temperature undergoes a significant and rapid increase. This behavior is governed by the fundamental principles of thermal radiation and absorption. The sun emits intense shortwave radiation, which is absorbed by the table's surface material. Dark-colored, non-reflective materials like wrought iron, dark wood, or composite plastics absorb a high percentage of this solar energy, converting it directly into heat. This can cause the surface temperature to soar to 150°F (65°C) or higher, often becoming too hot to touch comfortably—a temperature far exceeding the surrounding air temperature.
Lighter-colored or metallic surfaces reflect more sunlight and thus heat up less severely, though they still become notably warm. The rate of temperature rise depends on material composition, color, ambient air temperature, and wind conditions. Once the sun moves or is blocked, the surface will begin to cool through convection and re-radiation of its stored heat. This thermal behavior has practical implications for outdoor dining, safety, and material durability, making understanding surface heat dynamics essential for selecting and managing outdoor furniture.
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