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What are the effects of carbonation on concrete strength?
Carbonation is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and the alkaline components of concrete, primarily calcium hydroxide. Over time, this process reduces the pH of concrete, leading to the corrosion of reinforcing steel and a decline in structural integrity.
One of the most significant effects of carbonation is the reduction in concrete strength. As CO2 penetrates the porous structure of concrete, it forms calcium carbonate, which can cause micro-cracks and weaken the material. The depth of carbonation depends on factors like humidity, concrete mix design, and exposure conditions.
Additionally, carbonation accelerates the loss of passivity in steel reinforcements, making them prone to rust and expansion. This further deteriorates the concrete, compromising its load-bearing capacity. To mitigate these effects, proper curing, low water-cement ratios, and protective coatings are recommended.
Understanding carbonation's impact helps engineers design more durable structures, ensuring long-term performance in CO2-rich environments.
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