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How does concrete resist chloride penetration?
Concrete is widely used in construction due to its durability, but chloride penetration can lead to corrosion of reinforcing steel, compromising structural integrity. So, how does concrete resist chloride penetration?
1. Dense Microstructure: High-quality concrete with a low water-to-cement ratio forms a dense matrix, reducing pore connectivity and limiting chloride ion movement.
2. Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs): Fly ash, slag, and silica fume react with calcium hydroxide, refining pore structure and chemically binding chlorides.
3. Corrosion Inhibitors: Admixtures like calcium nitrite form a protective layer on steel, delaying corrosion even if chlorides penetrate.
4. Surface Treatments: Sealers and coatings act as barriers, preventing chloride ingress from external sources like de-icing salts or seawater.
5. Proper Curing: Adequate curing ensures hydration, reducing cracks and microvoids that facilitate chloride diffusion.
By optimizing mix design and protective strategies, concrete effectively resists chloride penetration, extending service life in harsh environments.
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